Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup determination using Hypervariable Regions I and II of Fulanis and Yorubas in Ilorin, Kwara State and North Central of Nigeria
Keywords:
Fulanis, Yorubas, mtDNA haplogroups, Hypervariable Region I, Hypervariable Region IIAbstract
Introduction: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is maternally inherited. It has higher mutation rates than nuclear DNA with its polymorphic sites mainly located in the D-loop control region: non-coding hypervariable regions I (HVI) and II (HVII). HVI and HVII haplogroups are population-specific signatures of the human mitochondrial phylogenetic tree and are relevant to phylogenetic and forensic studies. Nigeria comprises over 250 ethnic groups, out of which the Yorubas and Fulanis are arguably the second and fourth largest ethnic groups respectively. This study examined mtDNA haplotypes and haplogroups in Fulanis and Yorubas resident in Ilorin, Kwara State, North-Central region of Nigeria. Methods: Samples were collected with informed consent from non-related 25 Fulani males and 25 Yoruba males whose ethnic groups were confirmed by three generations (paternal and maternal). Non-coding HVI and HVII regions of mtDNA were analysed. Results: Two haplogroups (L0a1a2 and L3k1) out of 18 mtDNA haplogroups observed in Fulanis were novel haplogroups not previously observed in Fulanis. Furthermore, L0a1a2, L1b1a, L2c, L2c2, L2c2a1, L2c2b, L3b3, L3e1b1, L3f1b and L3k1 haplogroups were specific to Fulanis. In Yorubas, 14 mtDNA haplogroups including L1b1a10, L1b2a, L1c2b, L1c3c, L2d and L3d1b3a as specific haplogroups were observed. However, L0a1a2, L1b1a, L1b1a18 and L4b1a haplogroups observed previously in Yorubas were not observed in Yorubas of the present study. In addition, L1b, L2a1, L2b, L3b1a, L3b1b, L3d1a1b, L3e2a1b1 and L3e2b haplogroups were observed in both Fulanis and Yorubas. Conclusion: Fulanis and Yorubas belong to mtDNA L0 - L3 haplogroups previously established for West Africa.
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