COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2: A Virus of Sexism?
Abstract
-
Downloads
References
Brooks, W. H. (2010). X chromosome inactivation and autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 39(1), 20–29.
Conti, P. & Younes, A. (2020). Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 34(2). doi: 10.23812/Editorial-Conti-3
Disteche, C. M. (1999). Escapees on the X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(25), 14180-14182. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.25.14180
Forster, P., Forster, L., Renfrew, C. & Forster, M. (2020). Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 202004999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004999117
Graves, J. (2020). Why do more men die from coronavirus than women? Retrieved from:https://theconversation.com/why-do-more-men-die-from-coronavirus-than-women-136038 [Accessed].
Libert, C., Dejager, L. & Pinheiro, I. (2010). The X chromosome in immune functions: when a chromosome makes the difference. Nat Rev Immunol 10, 594 - 604.
Malik, Y. S., Sircar, S., Bhat, S., Sharun, K., Dhama, K., Dadar, M., Tiwari, R. & Chaicumpa, W. (2020). Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments. Vet Q, 40(1), 68-76. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1727993
Maragakis, L. (2020). Coronavirus and COVID-19: Who is at higher risk? Retrieved from:https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-and-covid19-who-is-at-higher-risk [Accessed].
McDonald, G., Cabal, N., Vannier, A., Umiker, B., Yin, R. H., Orjalo, A. V., Jr., Johansson, H. E., Han, J. H. & Imanishi-Kari, T. (2015). Female Bias in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is Associated with the Differential Expression of X-Linked Toll-Like Receptor 8. Front Immunol, 6, 457. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00457
Moalem, S. (2020). The Better Half: On the Genetic Superiority of Women review In: Allen Lane.
Ngo, S. T., Steyn, F. J. & McCombe, P. A. (2014). Gender differences in autoimmune disease. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35(3), 347-369. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.004
Olivier-Van Stichelen, S. & Hanover, J. A. (2014). X-inactivation normalizes O-GlcNAc transferase levels and generates an O-GlcNAc-depleted Barr body. Frontiers in genetics, 5, 256-256. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00256
Ørstavik, K. H. (2017). Why are autoimmune diseases more prevalent in women? Tiddskriftet Den Norske Legeforening. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0935
Smith-Bouvier, D. L., Divekar, A. A., Sasidhar, M., Du, S., Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K., King, J. K., Arnold, A. P., Singh, R. R. & Voskuhl, R. R. (2008). A role for sex chromosome complement in the female bias in autoimmune disease. J Exp Med, 205(5), 1099-1108. doi: 10.1084/jem.20070850
Souyris, M., Cenac, C., Azar, P., Daviaud, D., Canivet, A., Grunenwald, S., Pienkowski, C., Chaumeil, J., Mejía, J. E. & Guéry, J.-C. (2018). TLR7 escapes X chromosome inactivation in immune cells. Science Immunology, 3(19), eaap8855. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aap8855
Souyris, M., Mejia, J. E., Chaumeil, J. & Guery, J. C. (2019). Female predisposition to TLR7-driven autoimmunity: gene dosage and the escape from X chromosome inactivation. Semin Immunopathol, 41(2), 153-164. doi: 10.1007/s00281-018-0712-y
Syrett, C. M. & Anguera, M. C. (2019). When the balance is broken: X-linked gene dosage from two X chromosomes and female-biased autoimmunity. Journal of leukocyte biology, 106(4), 919-932. doi: 10.1002/JLB.6RI0319-094R
Vince, G. (2019). Transcendence: How Humans Evolved Through Fire, Language, Beauty and Time.
Vince, G. (2020). The Better Half: On the Genetic Superiority of Women review – bold study of chromosomal advantage. Retrieved from:https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/19/the-better-half-on-the-genetic-superiority-of-women-review-bold-study-of-chromosomal-advantage [Accessed].
Voskuhl, R. (2011). Sex differences in autoimmune diseases. Biology of sex differences, 2(1), 1-1. doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-1
Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X., Wang, X., Niu, P., Meng, J., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Sheng, J., Quan, L., Xia, Z., Tan, W., Cheng, G. & Jiang, T. (2020). Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China. Cell Host Microbe, 27(3), 325-328. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.001
Zhang, Y., Castillo-Morales, A., Jiang, M., Zhu, Y., Hu, L., Urrutia, A. O., Kong, X. & Hurst, L. D. (2013). Genes that escape X-inactivation in humans have high intraspecific variability in expression, are associated with mental impairment but are not slow evolving. Molecular biology and evolution, 30(12), 2588-2601. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mst148
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Malaysian Journal of Human Genetics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
